Willem Barentsz (Willem Barentsz)
Barentz was born around 1550 on Terschelling Island, Seventeen Provinces, currently based in the Netherlands.
He later became a follower of Petrus Plancius (Petrus Plancius, Peter Platevoet).
In 1592, Jan Huykhhen van Linschoten of Enkhuizen, a Dutch merchant who returned from Goa, the current western Indian state, along with the Potuges' fleet, wrote the book Itenery (later printed in English as Discours of Voyages into Ye East and West Indies), which has the title. very sound, and made Europeans see the image of India for the first time.
Itenery made the group of Dutch merchants more interested in exploring eastern India, but they realized that they couldn't fight the influence and military force of Potugase, which occupied India and the maritime route from the Cape of Good Hope, allowing the Dutch to seek the Northern Passage through the Great Mutual. Arctic. In order to travel east
1594 June 5, (First voyage) Barentz set off for the first exploration from Amsterdam, using three ships: Murcury, Burger Swan, Enkhuizener.
June 23-29, Stopover on Kildin Island (Kildin Island)
July 4, travel until Cape of Nassau, Novaya Zemlya
The journey to explore this new route, although it does not achieve its purpose, is considered successful.
1595 June 2, (Second voyage) departed for the second survey. This time, Barentz received funding from Prince Maurice of Oragne and the Council of Dutz because of the success of the first trip.
This time, Barentz was travelling with the Golden Windthunde, and had six other ships, carrying full cargo ships in hopes of trading with China.
On September 6, two crew members were attacked to death by a white bear on Vaygach Island in the Kara sea.
September 15, decided to return because the icy Gara Sea couldn't continue.
September 18, returning to Dutz. Barentz's second trip was deemed a failure.
In 1596, because of the failure of Barentz's second voyage, the Dutch government disbanded it to fund any survey group in the same way, but switched to incentives by rewarding those who succeeded in finding new routes.
May 10, (Third voyage) set off for the third time. In this maritime, Barentz took two small boats that controlled Captain Jan Rijp and Captain Jacob van Heemskerk, which Barentz was aboard with Captain Jacob.
June 9, Discover Bear Island (Bear Island)
17 June, Discover Spitsbergen Island (Spitsbergen)
June 25, discovered the Magdalenefjorden fjorden, which the Barence expeditions named Tusk Bay because they found a walrus tusk while sailing in.
After the discovery of Spitsbergen, the two ships separated, with Captain Jan Rijp continuing to explore Spitsbergen Island, while Captain Jacob and Barentz's ships crossed the Barentz Sea to Novaya Semlia, where they sailed through the northernmost point of Novaya Semlia, called the Hook of Desire, then continued to sail east.
In November, Barentz's boat was stuck in the ice sheet. At the 81st latitude, the crew helped build a cabin on the ice for refuge.
In 1597, Barentz and Boat, who had been stuck in the ice for months, had gotten sick with scurvy, and they had a strong mind. They called themselves “burghers of Novoya Zemlya” and helped build two new small ships.
June 20, Barentz died while asking Gerrit de Veer, who served as a travel record, to help hold him up in his seat to look at Novaya Semlia for the last time.
Captain Jacob and the rest of the crew made their way back out of Novaya Semlia until they reached the Kola Peninsula before being rescued by Captain Rijp's ship, where Capt. Grijp had returned to Dutz for months and travelled out again for trade.
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In 1853, the Murmean sea was renamed the Barents sea.
In 1871, a Norwegian named Elling Carlsen, who went hunting for seals, discovered a hut that Barentz had built for refuge again, and skated a picture of his hut and belongings.
In 1875 on 17 March, Captain Gunderson went to the cabin of Lawrence and brought back some of his belongings.
1876 July 29, Charles Gardiner (Charles L.W.) Gardiner) went to Barentz's cottage again and brought back over 112 items, along with the text, which was written by Barentz.
The items are now on display at the Rijks museum in Amsterdam.
1876 The Three Voyages of William Barents, written by Gerrit de Weir, was published by the Hakluyt Society.
Books (recommended)
A History of Geographic Discovery in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century, Edward Heawood, 1912The Golden Book of the Dutch Navigators, Hendrik Willem van Loon, 1916The Cradle of Colonialism, George Masselman, 1963